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Executive Summary Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming dispute resolution by automating legal research, drafting awards, predicting case outcomes, and streamlining administrative functions. While AI improves efficiency and accessibility, it raises legal, ethical, and procedural concerns. Questions
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Executive Summary International arbitration increasingly relies on digital communication, online document management, and virtual hearings. While these innovations enhance efficiency, they also introduce significant cybersecurity and data protection risks. Breaches of confidentiality, cyberattacks on arbitration platforms,
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Executive Summary The Singapore Convention on Mediation (2019) marked a watershed moment for international dispute resolution by providing a harmonized framework for the enforcement of mediated settlement agreements across borders. With over 55 signatories and ratifications
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Executive Summary Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in international arbitration to assist with document review, legal research, predictive analytics, and even drafting award templates. While AI promises efficiency and cost reduction, there are significant legal
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Introduction Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) has become one of the most debated aspects of international arbitration. Through ISDS mechanisms, foreign investors are empowered to bring claims directly against sovereign states when they believe government measures have
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Introduction As states pursue ambitious energy transition policies to address climate change, investor–state disputes have become increasingly prominent. Arbitration under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) has been a crucial battleground for disputes between investors in the
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Introduction Investor–state arbitration has long been criticized for creating tension between the rights of foreign investors and the regulatory autonomy of sovereign states. A notable example is Philip Morris Brands Sàrl v. Uruguay (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/7),
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Introduction International arbitration has become the dispute resolution mechanism of choice for industries with high-value contracts, complex regulatory oversight, and global implications. Among the sectors where arbitration has played a defining role, aviation is particularly prominent,
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By: Victoria Hayes, LL.M. (London School of Economics) International Arbitration Specialist Introduction International arbitration continues to serve as the backbone of global dispute resolution, offering parties neutrality, efficiency, and enforceability across jurisdictions. Yet arbitration is not
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By: Dr. Alexander Grant, PhD (Cambridge) Senior Fellow in International Arbitration and Technology Law Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries at a breathtaking pace, reshaping the way societies function and economies interact. Law, often resistant
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